Mountain Lion Facts
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The mountain lion (Puma concolor) is also known as the cougar, puma, panther, and catamount, and is the largest wildcat in North America. Mountain lions have powerful limbs and can leap as high as 15 feet and as far as 40 feet.
Fast Facts
Height: 2-2.3 feet at shoulders.
Length: 3.5-5.5 feet (2-2.5-foot tail length).
Weight: 110-180 lbs for males; females weigh slightly less.
Lifespan: About 12 years in the wild; up to 25 years in captivity.
Diet
Mountain lions eat large mammals such as deer, and smaller mammals such as mice, squirrels, porcupines, raccoons, rabbits and beavers.
Did You Know?
Mountain lions can be almost as large as jaguars, but are less muscular and not as powerful; where their ranges overlap, the mountain lion tends to be smaller than average.
Population
There are an estimated 30,000 mountain lions in the western U.S. One mountain lion subspecies, the Florida panther, is critically endangered with a population of less than 100 individuals.
Range
With the exception of humans, the mountain lion has the largest range of any mammal in the Western Hemisphere. They are found from Canada to Argentina. In North America, they can be found from British Columbia and southern Alberta to California and Texas. Small populations can be found east of the Mississippi River. The Florida panther is found in isolated populations in Florida. See a mountain lion range map >>
Behavior
Mountain lions are solitary animals. They are very territorial and actively avoid other cats except during courtship. Their ranges can vary in size from 10 square miles to around 370 square miles; females tend to have smaller ranges than males.
Mountain lions are active hunters and may travel long distances in search of food. They hunt alone and attack from behind, breaking the neck of their prey by biting it at the base of the skull. After killing their prey, they will bury it and leave it, coming back to feed on it when hungry.
Did You Know?
Young mountain lions have spots, but adults do not!
Reproduction
Mating Season: Commonly from December to March, but can happen at any time during the year.
Gestation: 82-96 days.
Litter size: 2-4 kittens.
Females have two to four kittens, which the mother raises alone. The kittens nurse for two months, and then start to travel with their mother at which time she teaches them to hunt. They will remain with their mother from 1 ½ - 2 years. Males that enter another male’s territory have been known to kill the kittens so that females will be more willing to mate.
Threats
Defenders at Work
Learn how to identify a large wildcat, and how to best coexist with large cats such as mountain lions in your neighborhood or community.
Read "Show Me the Cougar," an article from Defenders Magazine.
They have long been persecuted and hunted as a threat to livestock. Current threats also include habitat loss and poaching.
Legal Status/Protection
- Endangered Species Act (ESA): Three subspecies of the mountain lion are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act: the Florida panther, Costa Rican puma and the Eastern puma.
- CITES: The North American cougar, the Florida panther, and the Costa Rican cougar are all listed under Appendix I. Other mountain lion species are listed in Appendix II.
- Learn more about legal status and protection of mountain lions >>
How You Can Help
- Help moutain lions, Florida panthers and other wildlife by adopting a panther today at our Wildlife Adoption Center.
- Take Action for Wildlife at our Wildlife Action Center.
