Defenders' Experts
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) came into force in 1983 and aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian species throughout their migratory ranges. Countries that are parties to the Convention collaborate to conserve these migratory species and their habitats by:
- providing strict protection for endangered migratory species (those listed in Appendix I to the Convention);
- establishing agreements to conserve and manage key migratory species (those listed in Appendix II); and
- engaging in cooperative research activities.
Appendix I currently includes over 80 migratory species, including the Siberian crane, white-tailed eagle, Hawksbill turtle and Mediterranean monk seal. Species-specific agreements negotiated under Appendix II include: European bats; Africa-Eurasian migratory waterbirds; marine turtles; and cetaceans of the Mediterranean, Black, Baltic and North Seas.
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