Defenders Experts
Musk Oxen in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Musk oxen are shaggy ice age relics that inhabit the Arctic Refuge
year round. Extirpated at the turn of the century, they were reintroduced
into the area 30 years ago and currently number around 300.
In the summer and early winter, muskoxen depend on lowland riparian willows, which would most likely be dug up during excavation of gravel to be used during construction.
Highly specific in their choice of habitat, they are unable to adapt readily to habitat destruction. Like the polar bear, given sufficient human disturbance musk oxen will run away and during a full fledged "panic-flight" may also abandon their young. Such abandoned calves will also likely die.
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